Today's society has created a one-way system where raw materials are inefficiently processed into new goods which then end up as waste for disposal to landfill or incineration.

To achieve a low waste society, where raw material consumption is minimized and the valuable materials, in end-of-life goods, are recycled or composted, requires the whole waste supply chain to be addressed. 

Nature does not have one-way systems, its waste is completely recycled and forms part of the Carbon Cycle. Man has broken that cycle and as a result we now have an increased build up of carbon in the atmosphere with consequent global warming.